Information on Styles

JAPANESE PAINTING STYLES

Haiga Poetry painting. Abbreviated playful painting, matching equally abbreviated haiku poems. A style often practiced by amateurs.
Kanô The official government painting style in Edo as well in Kyoto. Based on the Chinese styles from the Muromachi period. Painting in the broken-ink technique (hoboku) and adding color to traditional subjects.
Kishi A mixture of Nagasaki, Kanô and Maruyama-Shijô painting styles with a very characteristic brush stroke.
Maruyama A painting style developed by Maruyama Ôkyo, emphasizing the artists study of and response to nature.(Shaseiga).
Muromachi A school that originated under the influence of the Chinese Sung and Yang dynasty paintings brought to Japan by Zen monks in the 14th century.
Nagasaki-e Painting style influenced by the Chinese (and the Dutch) at Nagasaki.
Nanga Or Bunjinga, a literati painting style worshipping things Chinese, includes painting and poetry, and prizing amateur status.
Nihonga A 'native' Japanese style developed in the Meiji period by teachers at the newly established academies. Mixed traditional Japanese styles mixed with Western techniques. Marked differences apparent between the Tokyo and Kyoto based Nihonga artists.
Rimpa Decorative painting style.
Shijô Closely related to Maruyama painting, but slightly more poetic, less restricted and with a more daring brush.
Tosa Or Yamato-e style. The official court painting style, specialized in Japanese subjects. Colorful miniature like brushwork with a long tradition of panting hand scrolls (emaki). Revival in the beginning of the 19th century.
Ukiyo-e Paintings of urban life, with a particular emphasis on the pleasures of the 'floating world': prostitution, fashion, kabuki, sumo and other recreations.
Zenga Paintings, but more often calligraphies by Zen priests and laymen

Some literature:

An Article on the subject of 'Gassaku' written by Jon de Jong for Andon magazine.

General:
Araki, Tsune (ed); Dai Nihon shôga meika taikan;, Tokyo 1975 (1934)

Forrer, M (ed); Essays on Japanese Art, presented to Jack Hillier, London 1982

Roberts, L. P; A Dictionary of Japanese Artists, New York, Tokyo 1976

Rosenfield, John. M: Extraordinary persons, Works by Eccentric, Nonconformist Japanese Artists of the Early Modern Era (1580-1868) in the Collection of Kimiko and John Power, Cambridge, MA 1999

Rosenfield, John; Song of the Brush, Japanese Paintings from the Sansô Collection, Seattle1979

Fister, Patricia; Japanese Women Artists 1600-1900, New York 1988

Maruyama-shijô:

Chiba City Museum & Wakayama Prefectural Museum; Exhibition Nagasawa ROSETSU - the 200th Anniversary of his death, Chiba 2000

Hillier, Jack '74; The uninhibited brush, Japanese art in the Shijô style, London 1974

Itsuo Art Museum; GOSHUN, Kyoto 1982

Kansai University Library; A Catalogue of the Japanese-style Paintings of Osaka Painting Circles in the Kansai University Library, Cat. # 28, Osaka 1997

Kyoto Museum; Mori KANSAI & Yamamto SHUNKYO, Kyoto 1982

Kyoto '98: Museum of Kyoto; The blooming of hundreds of Flowers - painters of Edo Period Kyoto in the Heian-jimbutsu-shi, Kyoto 1998

Kyoto National Museum; The 200th Anniversary of his death, ÕKYO, Poetic sentiment and reformation, Kyoto 1985

Link, Howard A.; The Art of Shibata ZESHIN, The Mr and Mrs James E.O'Brien Collection at the Honolulu Academy of Arts, Honolulu 1979

Mitchell, Charles. H; The illustrated books of the Nanga, Maruyama, Shijo and other related Schools of Japan ; A Bibliography, Los Angeles 1972

Moes, Robert; ROSETSU, Denver 1973

Nihon no bijutsu # 39; ÕKYO to GOSHUN, Tokyo 1969

Nihon no bijutsu # 93; Shibata ZESHIN, Tokyo 1974

Nihon no bijutsu # 219; ROSETSU, Tokyo, Kyoto, Nara 1984

Nihon no bijutsu # 260; Hanabusa ITCHÕ, Tokyo, Kyoto, Nara 1988

Ritto Historical Folk Museum; Kishiha to sono keifu - Kishi GANKU kara Kishi CHIKUDÕ e(The Kishi school and its genealogy), Ritto 1996

Santori ichi Art Museum; Nanga to Shaseiga (Nanga and realistic schools), Tokyo 1981

Sasaki, Johei & Sasaki, Masako; Maruyama ÕKYO kenkyu (Maruyama ÕKYO studies), Tokyo 1997

Shiga Museum of Modern Art; Yamamoto SHUNKYO, Shiga 1985

Shiga Museum of Modern Art; Tokubetsugô ten kindai Kyoto gadan no yoake, KISHI CHIKUDÔ (Special exhibition of the dawn of modern painters from Kyoto), Tokyo 1987

Nanga:

Addiss, Stephen '75; Nanga Paintings, London 1975

Addiss, Stephen '76; Zenga and Nanga, Paintings by Japanese Monks and Scholars, New Orleans 1976

Addiss, Stephen '79; A Japanese eccentric - the three arts of Murase TAIITSU, New Orleans 1979

Addiss, Stephen '84; The world of Kameido BOSAI, The Calligraphy, Poetry, Painting and artistic circle of a Japanese Literatus, New Orleans 1984

Addiss, Stephen '86; Japanese Quest for a New Vision; The impact of Visiting Chinese Painters, 1600-1900, Kansas 1986

Addiss, Stephen '87; Tall Mountains and Flowing Waters, The Arts of Uragami GYOKUDÕ, Honolulu 1987

Cahill, James '72; Scholar painters of Japan: The Nanga School, New York, Berkeley 1972

Cahill, James '83; Sakaki HYAKUSEN and early Nanga painting, Berkeley 1983

Fukushima Prefectural Museum; GYOKUDÕ Kinshi to SHUNKIN, Fukushima 1994

Hayashibara Museum; Uragami GYOKUDÕ, special exhibition in commemoration of his 250th birthday, Okayama 1995

Ibaraki Museum of History; Okuhara SEIKO ten, Mito 2001

Kato, Ruiko, Nat Museum of Modern Art; TESSAI and His Teachers and Friends, Kyoto 1998

Oita Museum '94; CHIKUDEN to sono koyutachi ten, Chikuden and his friends, Oita 1994

Oita Museum '96; Maboroshi no Nangaka, Takahashi SÕHEI ten, (the dream of a Nanga dealer, Takahashi Sôhei exhibition), Oita 1996

Santori ichi Art Museum; Nanga to Shaseiga (Nanga and realistic schools); Tokyo 1981

Seikadô Art Museum; Nihon no bunjin gaten I (Exhibition of Japanese Literati Painting 1), Tokyo 1995

Seikadô Art Museum; Nihon no bunjin gaten II (Exhibition of Japanese Literati Painting 2), Tokyo 1996

Stanley-Baker, Joan; Nanga. Idealist painting of Japan; Victoria, 1980

Tahara district Museum; Tsubaki CHINZAN ten, Tahara 1994

Suzuki, Susumu ed '79; Shazan-rô Tani BUNCHÕ, Edo nanga no sôsui: Tani BUNCHÕ (Tochigi Pref. Art Museum), Tochigi 1979

Suzuki, Susumu '96; Ike TAIGA ten; Kyoto 1996

University of Hong Kong, Institute of Chinese Studies; Literati Paintings from Japan, Hong Kong 1974

Haiga:

Addiss, Stephen '95; Haiga, Takeba SÕCHÕ and the Haiku-painting tradition, Honolulu 1995

Altherr, Alfred; Japanische Tuschmalerei, Nanga und Haiga, aus der Sammlung Heinz Brasch, Zürich 1962

French, C. L; The Poet Painters: Buson and his Followers, Michigan 1974

Okada, Urara & W vd Walle Cultureel Centrum Hasselt; Schertsend geschetst, Haiku schilderingen van de 17e tot de 20e eeuw uit de verzameling Kakimoro Bunko, Hasselt 1989

Shinichi, Seki; Edo no fûin, Haiga Suiten, The taste of Edo, The legend of pure haiga, Tokyo 1988

Takahashi Yoji (ed); Haiga Saijiki, The Sun Special Issue No.34, Tokyo 1981

Takeuchi, Melinda; Poem Paintings, London 1977

Zauho Kankokai (ed); Haijin no shôga bijutsu, Vol 1-12, Tokyo 1978-80

Zolbrod, Leon M.; Haiku painting, Tokyo, New York, San Francisco, 1982

Zenga:

Addiss, Stephen '76; Zenga and Nanga, Paintings by Japanese Monks and Scholars, New Orleans 1976

Addiss, Stephen '89; The Art of Zen, New York 1989

Armbruster, G & Brinker, H; Brush and Ink; The Heinz Götze Collection; Heidekberg 1976

Awakawa, Yasuichi; Zen Painting, Tokyo 1970 (1977)

Brasch, Kurt; Zenga, Zen-Malerei, Tokyo 1961

Bachmann, Thomas; Ink traces zen art, NANTEMBÕ, DEIRYû, BUNSHÕ Gitei, Basel, 2001

Jirka-Schmitz, P; Zen-Malerei. NANTEMBÕ (1839-1925) und seine Schûler, K&ounl;ln 1992

Lewis, Robert E.; Zen grove handbook, New York, 2001

Moog, Eike; Handbuch japanischer Priester, Mönche und Nonnen - Schrift und Malerei, Köln, 1995

Seo, Audrey Yoshiko & Addiss, Stephen; The Art of Twentieth-Century Zen, Paintings and Calligraphy by Japanese Masters, Boston, London 1998

Stevens, J & Yelen, A R; Zenga; Brushstrokes of Enlightment, New Orleans 1990

Shimizu Yoshiaki, Rosenfield, John M; Masters of Japanese Calligraphy 8th-19th Century, New York 1984

Welch, M. R; The Painting and Calligraphy of the Japanese Priest Tôjû Zenchû, Alias NANTENBÕ, Kansas 1982

(Zenga) Yamashita, Yûyi (ed); The return from America - Zenga from the Gitter-Yelen Collection, Tokyo 2000

Ukiyo-e:

Azuba Museum; Ukiyo-e Painting Masterpieces in the Collection of the Azuba Museum of Art, Tokyo 1988

Clark, Timothy; Ukiyo-e paintings in the British Museum, London 1993

Fitski, Menno; Het vlietende leven, Japanse scchilderingen uit het Kumamoto Prefectural Museum of Art, Amsterdam 1999

Kobijutsu; Niku hitsu Ukiyo-e, Ota Museum (Kobijutsu Special Issue # 6), Tokyo 1985

Kumamoto Pref Museum; The Imanishi Collection, Kumamoto 1990

Ota Memorial Museum; Nikuhitsu Ukiyo-e Meihin, Tokyo 1985

Rimpa:

Link, Howard & Shimbo Toru; Exquisite visions, Rimpa paintings from Japan, Honolulu 1980

Machida City Museum; Rimpa. Splendor of Prints and Designs, Machida 1992

Tokyo National Museum; Rinpa-Outstanding Works of the Korin School (Special exhibition celebrating the centennial of the Tokyo National Museum), Tokyo 1972

Yamane, Naitô, & Clark; Rimpa Art, from the Idemitsu Collection, Tokyo, London 1998

Yasumura, Toshinobu; Suzuki KIITSU, Edo Rimpa no kisai (Itabashi Ward Museum), Tokyo 1993

Nihonga:

(20th) Aburai Ichinin; Nijû Seiki Bukkosuru nihonga kajiten (List of late Nihonga painters from the 20th century), Tokyo, 1998

Asahi shimbun; Kyoto gada no kyoshô (master of Kyoto artists); Takeuchi SEIHÕ ten, Kyoto, 1990

Asahi shimbun; Fukeie san dai no keifu: GYOKUDÕ, KIBÕ, GENSON ten (Landscape paintings of three generations), Tokyo 1990

Conant, E. P; Nihonga, Transcending The Past: Japanese-Style Painting 1868-1968, Saint Louis 1995

Hanatori bijutsukan; Konoshim OKOKU to Kawaii BUNRIN, Kyoto shitashimarate gajin, Ibara 2001

Kyoto National Museum; Kano HÕGAI, Kyoto 1989

Kyoto Municipal Museum; Takeuchi SEIHÕ & Uemura SHÕEN; paintings and preparatory drawings, Kyoto 1994

Kyoto Municipal Museum; (Tokubetsugô) Sansui kara fukeihe Kyoto Nihonga no nagare BUNRIN, BAIREI, SEIHÕ (Landscape views of the wave of Nihonga, BUNRIN, BAIREI, SEIHÕ), Kyoto 1995

Kyoto shimbun; Kindai Nihoga no kyoshô Kaburagi KIYOKATA Ten Shôtan hyakkunen Kinen, Kyoto 1977

Morioka, M & Berry, P; Modern Masters of Kyoto, The Transformation of Japanese Painting Traditions, Nihonga from the Griffith and Patricia Way Collection, Seattle 1999

Nerima-ku Ritsubikakan; Kikuchi YÕSAI to meiji no bijutsu (Kikuchi YÕSAI and the Art of the Meiji Era), Nenima-ku 1999

Shiga Museum of Modern ART; Kôno BAIREI toso no ryûha, (Kôno BAIREI and his school), Kyoto 1990

Sogo Art Museum; Kajita HANKÕ no sekai ten, Exhibition of the world of Kajita HANKÕ, Yokohama 1994

Tokyo National Museum; Kindai Nihon bijutsu no kiseki, the lineage of modern Japanese art. The 100th anniversary of the Japan Art Institute, Tokyo 1998

Haiga	Poetry painting. Abbreviated playful painting, matching equally abbreviated haiku poems. A style often practiced by amateurs.
Kanô	The official government painting style in Edo as well in Kyoto. Based on the Chinese styles from the Muromachi period. Painting in the broken-ink technique (hoboku) and adding color to traditional subjects.
Kishi	A mixture of Nagasaki, Kanô and Maruyama-Shijô painting styles with a very characteristic brush stroke.
Maruyama	A painting style developed by Maruyama Ôkyo, emphasizing the artists study of and response to nature.(Shaseiga).
Muromachi	A school that originated under the influence of the Chinese Sung and Yang dynasty paintings brought to Japan by Zen monks in the 14th century.
Nagasaki-e	Painting style influenced by the Chinese (and the Dutch) at Nagasaki.
Nanga	Or Bunjinga, a literati painting style worshipping things Chinese, includes painting and poetry, and prizing amateur status.
Nihonga	A 'native' Japanese style developed in the Meiji period by teachers at the newly established academies. Mixed traditional Japanese styles mixed with Western techniques. Marked differences apparent between the Tokyo and Kyoto based Nihonga artists.
Rimpa	Decorative painting style.
Shijô	Closely related to Maruyama painting, but slightly more poetic, less restricted and with a more daring brush.
Tosa	Or Yamato-e style. The official court painting style, specialized in Japanese subjects. Colorful miniature like brushwork with a long tradition of panting hand scrolls (emaki). Revival in the beginning of the 19th century.
Ukiyo-e	Paintings of urban life, with a particular emphasis on the pleasures of the 'floating world': prostitution, fashion, kabuki, sumo and other recreations.
Zenga	Paintings, but more often calligraphies by Zen priests and laymen